This 23rd edition of UNEP’s Foresight Brief provides an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the implementation and effectiveness of nature-based solutions (NbS), and the potential of their ecosystem services. 

Social challenges stemming from urbanization such as climate change are becoming increasingly urgent to address because of how fast cities are developing. Nature-based solutions (NbS) can be used to address specific urban social challenges related to climate change. This will improve the resilience of cities to climate change, the quality of life of city dwellers and increase the biodiversity of cities through the creation of green spaces.